The optimal treatment methods depend on the site, extent (or staging) and subtypes of the cancer. Very often, it may include more than one modalities of treatment. The aim of treatment can be either curative or palliative.

These treatment methods may include:

1. 1.Surgery - cutting away tissue from the body. Laparoscopic approach may be used for some sites.
   

2. 2.Radiotherapy (RT) - killing tumor with high energy X-ray. Complex techniques and machines (e.g. 3D-RT, IMRT, Cyberknife etc) may be needed in some situations. 
   

3. 3.Chemotherapy - treatment with cell-killing (cytotoxic) drugs.
   

4. 4.Hormone therapy - mainly prostate and breast cancers.
   

5. 5.Molecular targeted therapy, biological or immune therapy - drugs that targeted against the molecular growth pathways of cancer cells. It is the fastest growing field in modern cancer treatment.
   

6. 6.Bone marrow and stem cell transplants
   

7. 7.New local ablative therapies including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)